The Oregon Project

The Oregon Project

For Visually Impaired & Pre-school Children Who Are Blind

Skills Inventory

COGNITIVE

Birth - 1 Year

alerts to daily tactual/visual/auditory/movement stimulation
bats at toys suspended above crib in order to see or hear something interesting
touches new objects inquisitively
plays with own hands or feet
anticipates some familiar daily events based on sensory cues
combines three or more behaviors when exploring a toy (e.g., shakes, mouths, pats)
indicates desire to continue a familiar activity shared with adult by movement and/or vocalization
puts down one object deliberately to reach for another
plays with toys by taking advantage of the best characteristics of each: rolls ball, shakes bell, crumples paper
removes object from container by reaching inside
moves (scoots or crawls) to obtain object when given a visual or auditory clue
puts one object into another (discovers the concept of containers)

1- 2 Years

puts many objects into a container before removing any
opens container with lid to find sound-maker (ticking clock, music box)
touches 1-3 body parts on request (e.g., nose, mouth, tummy)
shows anticipation of events when verbal cue is provided (hears "let's go outside" and goes to coat closet)
shows preference in choice of toys
shows curiosity about a new toy
demonstrates concept of up/down by moving self or object ("put the spoon down" or "hold your hand up high")
gives or touches 5 specific objects on request
explores cabinets and drawers in own home
selects, from group of 3, object identical to given object (eg., shoes, spoons, cups)

2 -3 Years

demonstrates simple problem-solving (eg., uses tool to obtain object which is out of reach)
demonstrates the use of familiar objects on request (hairbrush, crayon)
matches big/little objects (identical in every other way)
finds/touches big/little objects on request
matches shapes (circle, square, triangle)
understands and gives "just one"
finds object when function is described ("show me the one you brush your teeth with")
demonstrates the concept of two
touches smaller body parts (fingers, thumb, toes) on request
touches body part when function is described ("show me what you hear with")
tells age verbally, or holds up fingers
names 2-3 familiar musical toys and instruments by their sound
names one color when asked (names, not recognizes or matches)
sorts 3 kinds of dissimilar objects
sorts similar objects by size, shape, or color

3 - 4 Years

names 10 body parts
turns to face an object/person on request
touches top, bottom, front, back, and sides of an object on request
identifies common environmental features indoors/outdoors (chairs, stairs, door, window, sidewalk, lawn)
names object not present when function is described
matches sound containers (beans, rice, marbles)
names objects as same/different
tells which objects go together (shoes/socks, spoon/plate)
touches 3 named shapes on request (circle, square, triangle)
names shapes
arranges 3 items horizontally in order by size
tells if object is heavy or light
tells if object is long or short
matches 1:1 (1 plate, 1 napkin, 1 child, 1 cookie)
tells how many objects in a set (1-3) after counting
matches simple sequence or pattern of 5 blocks, beads or pegs

4 - 5 Years

tells own age
comprehends concepts of today, last night, yesterday, tomorrow when discussed with adult
identifies weather as rainy, sunny, snowy, warm, cold
tells whether sound is loud/soft, high/low, long/short
touches own complex body parts on request (wrist, shoulder, ankle, waist)
moves body planes in relation to flat surface ("put your back against the wall")
touches and names left/right on own body
places objects over/above, under/below, upon/inside, through, and away from other objects on request
sorts similar household objects (silverware, clothing)
arranges objects into at least 3 groups (things to eat, wear, or play with)
identifies picture/object which does not belong in group
identifies objects as long/short, hard/soft, rough/smooth
places 5 objects in horizontal arrangement by size
rote counts to 10
counts objects from 1-10
gives no objects when asked for zero
touches first, middle, last items in a row
finds matching symbol (printed/raised outline) of geometric shapes
tells whether 2 symbols are the same or different
recognizes own name in print or braille
puts 5 objects in pattern from memory (using alternating colors or shapes)

5 - 6 Years

states full name, address, and phone number
states full name of at least one parent
states month and date of own birthday
names 10 colors ("tell me all the colors you know") item does not require vision
identifies penny, nickel, dime
names days of the week in order
answers which is longer, a minute or an hour? A day or a week?
places objects across from, next to, beside, behind, in front of, to the side, left and right of self on request
places objects across from, next to, beside, behind, in front of, to the side, left and right of other objects facing in the same direction of self
arranges 4-5 objects in sequence by length, width, or height
identifies half and whole objects
creates sets of objects of up to 5
names numerals 1 to 10 when presented
matches numerals with same quantity of objects, 1 to 10
names ordinal position of objects (first, second, third)
names numerals 11 to 20 when presented
write numerals (print or braille) 1 to 20 in proper sequence
rote counts to 100
identifies sets containing more/less
using real objects, adds and subtracts combinations up to 3
states letters of the alphabet in order
finds symbol that is different in a line of like symbols
reads own first and last name
identifies letters of the alphabet when presented (upper case, lower case, upper/lower mixed)
reads 5-10 simple words
names object beginning with given consonant sound
gives consonant sound of selected letters
copies upper and lower case letters from flashcards (print or braille)
copies two short words
writes letters from dictation (upper and lower case)

LANGUAGE

Birth - 1 Year

has separate cry for different discomforts (hungry, wet, or tired)
responds pleasurably to sound of human voice
coos and gurgles
repeats own sound
imitates a familiar babbling sound
repeats same syllable 2-3 times (ma ma ma)
responds to simple phrases with specific non-verbal response ("want a drink?" and child turns head away; let's go for a ride:, child gets excited)
combines two different syllables in vocal play (da-dee, or ma-mee)
vocalizes to gain attention
imitates vocal intonation patterns of others
uses single word appropriately (hot or cookie)
vocalizes 5 or more syllables in response to speech of another person
follows simple verbal direction accompanied by gestures or physical cue ("give me your hands")

1 - 2 Years

says 5 different words
combines use of words and gestures to make wants known
uses one-word sentences as requests ("drink" or "water")
asks for more in 3 appropriate situations
follows 3 different one-step directions given without gestures
names familiar objects, people, pets, when asked
asks for common food items by name (milk, cookie, cracker)
asks questions using a rising intonation at end of word or phrase
answers "yes" or "no" when asked a question
names parts of own face: ear, nose, mouth, eye, cheek

2 - 3 Years

repeats a series of two digits or words in same order
uses word for bathroom need
names 2-3 animals, 2-3 items of clothing
follows directions involving personal pronouns ("give it to her")
combines two words to express request ("drink water")
tells own current activity ("eat cookie", "go potty")
combines two words to express possession ("daddy car")
gives more than one object when asked using plural form (blocks)
names 10 objects or places (kitchen, sink, porch)
articulates words beginning with the following consonants; p, b, m, h, w, n
responds to two-part simple request ("pick up your blocks and put them in the toy box")
responds to questions using ‘ing’ verb form (running)
uses regular plural forms (book/books)
asks questions beginning with "what", "where", or "when"
controls voice volume (whispers or uses loud voice)
speaks in three-word sentences
uses "I", "me", "mine", rather than own name
articulates words beginning with these consonants: k, g, t, d
responds to "who" questions
uses "is" in statements ("this is a ball")
uses possessive forms of nouns (daddy's)
occasionally uses articles "the" and "a"

3 - 4 Years

uses relative pronouns: that, this, these, those
uses some adverbs (fast, now, too)
uses open or closed as descriptors ("the door is closed")
uses some irregular past tense forms consistently (did, went, was)
uses "is" at the beginning of questions appropriately
repeats simple rhymes, songs, and fingerplays with words and actions
tells first and last name when requested
uses personal pronouns: he, she, it, they, you
repeats a series of 3 digits or words in same order
uses 3 descriptive words appropriately when presented with objects (sticky, bumpy)
uses regular past tense forms (jumped)
tells about personal state (hungry, thirsty, tired)
expresses future occurrences with "going to", "have to", and "will"
tells function of common objects ("what do you do with a spoon?" "You eat with it")
answers simple "how" questions ("how do you go to a store?" "In a car")
uses 3 common irregular plurals (men, feet, children)
tells two events in order of occurrence

4 - 5 Years

tells function of mouth, nose, eyes, ears, legs, feet
answers "where" questions with prepositional phrases using "in", "on", and "under" (in the cup, under the table)
uses "not" to show negation ("this is not a pencil")
uses contractions (can't, don't, won't)
speaks in well-structured 4-, 5-, and 6-word sentences ("daddy drove the car to town")
carries out a series of 3 directions in correct sequence
uses possessive pronouns: his, hers, theirs, its, yours
uses "could" and "would" in speech
tells what to do when sick, cold, hungry, etc.
uses compound sentences
uses "sister, brother, grandmother, grandfather" to identify family members
tells familiar story in own words (without pictures for clues)
tells if 2 words sound the same or not the same (car-car, dog-banana)
tells whether or not 2 words rhyme
tells which of 3 words does not belong (banana, apple, car)
repeats 5 rhymes, songs, and fingerplays for others

5 - 6 Years

uses complex sentences ("he wants to come in because...")
uses quantitative words (many, few, some, most, least)
changes word order appropriately to ask questions
answers why questions with explanation
asks meaning of new or unfamiliar words
uses time words (yesterday, last night, tomorrow)
completes simple analogies (summer is hot, winter is ______ )
describes similarities/differences in objects (coat and shoe, potato and rock, tree and flower)
names objects which belong to a certain class; begins to use class names (toys, food, animals)
tells activities associated with seasons of the year
predicts what will happen next in familiar story
answers 3 questions about a short story
retells an original story in correct sequence
tells an original story lasting 1-2 minutes
repeats familiar jokes
tells 3 words which rhyme with a given word
plays verbal reasoning game ("I'm thinking of something...")
explains rules of simple board or card games to others

SOCIALIZATION

Birth - 1 Year

cuddles or snuggles when held by familiar person
shows recognition of family member's voices by vocalizing, smiling or ceasing to cry
pats or pulls at adult features
reaches for familiar person when spoken to
occupies self without crying for 10 minutes (adult in same room)
shows response to own name
plays unattended for 10 minutes (adult in different room)
plays 2 interactive games (peek-a-boo, pat-a-cake)
hugs or kisses familiar persons
directs vocalization to people and toys
momentarily upset when parents leave, but soon resumes activities
plays independently beside another child
repeats actions which get laughter and attention
participates in finger plays with adult
attempts simple chore (carries plastic dish, helps put toy away)
takes part in simple game with another child or adult (rolling ball, pushing cars)
initiates own play activities
begins to enjoy book/story time with adult
pulls at another person to gain attention
waits up to 5 minutes for needs to be met (in high chair, car, etc.)
shares object/food with one other child when requested

2 - 3 Years

plays with 2-3 peers with adult supervision
pets and interacts with 2-3 different animals
shows awareness of routine by preparing for next activity without reminder (goes to table at lunch)
spontaneously joins in when familiar song or rhyme is heard
attempts to help adult with more complicated tasks (holds dustpan, wipes table)
enjoys hearing familiar stories repeated; tries to participate in story telling
says "please" when reminded
greets familiar people without reminder
becomes aware of sex difference

3 - 4 Years

attends to stories or poems for 5 minutes
holds another child's hand while walking
follows rules in games led by adult
says "thank you" when reminded
plays near and talks with other children (may be mostly involved in solitary activity)
takes turns with 2-3 children
cooperates with adult request most of the time
copies adult activities (pretends to cook or mow the lawn)
identifies self as boy or girl
identifies own personal possession
engages in imaginative play with other children
begins to prefer children to adults

4 - 5 Years

works alone at desired activity for 15-20 minutes
adapts to changes in routine/environment (sleeps in different bed without fuss)
seeks and accepts help when needed
faces person with whom s/he is speaking
waits up to 15 minutes for needs to be met
begins to participate in group conversations
tells roles of family members (mother is a doctor, brothers go to school)
occasionally says "please", "thank you", "excuse me" or "I'm sorry" without reminder
listens to and follows directions given to group as a whole

5 - 6 Years

asks permission to play with another child's toy
responds to verbal reasoning
contributes own ideas to family or peer discussions
cooperates with 2-5 children in simple project
participates in simple board or card games
selects own playmates
comforts playmates in distress
moves to appropriate area in classroom and finds an empty place (on the rug, at the table)
explains relationship of family members (uncle Bob is daddy's brother)
practices some good health habits which have been taught
answers telephone; calls for adult or talks to familiar person
remains silent at appropriate times (when someone is talking)

VISION

Birth - 1 Year

stares at source of light
visually begins to explore surroundings; momentarily focus (5-10 sec.) on variety of objects
visually shifts attention between 2 objects
regards own hands
tracks objects moving horizontally and vertically
has visually-directed reach and grasp
visually examines objects held in own hand
rescues toy dropped within reach
while sitting, tracks a toy moving across the table
turns to look for objects out of view
looks after toys which fall to the floor when child is sitting in chair
removes cover toy obtain toy which was hidden
responds appropriately to familiar gestures of adult

1 - 2 Years

interested in pictures in books and turns books right side up
interested in things which roll: balls, cars
reaches or moves behind barrier to obtain toy
inverts bottle to obtain raisin inside
matches real objects to picture (may be identical)
matches 5 objects to picture (not quite identical)
interested in marking paper with crayons/markers
imitates isolated marks and circular motion with crayon/marker
momentarily interested in T.V.
visually searches for missing object or person

2 - 3 Years

stacks 8-9 small cubes
points to pictures representing named action
locates a requested picture in a familiar book
imitates adult making vertical and horizontal lines with a pencil/crayon
imitates circle with pencil or crayon
matches colors (red, yellow, blue, black, white)
assembles 2 halves of cut-out cardboard circle to make whole
matches similar pictures (colored, realistic drawings or photos)
paints with brush; lines, dots, circular shapes
imitates V-stroke and H-stroke

3 - 4 Years

names pictures as same/different
names or describes simple action pictures
names 3 colors when shown samples
matches a solid shape to a picture of a shape
points to detail in picture of several objects
identifies missing arm or leg in picture of person
assembles simple wooden puzzle of 3-5 pieces which touch and form one entire picture
builds 3-piece bridge with blocks
imitates adult drawing these shapes; + , O , V, H, T
traces over shape outline with crayon
copies shapes (child has not seen them being made); + , O , V, H, T

4 - 5 Years

names 5 colors when shown samples
recalls 4 objects in seen in a picture book
tells what is missing from a group of 5 objects
points to pictures in left-to-right, top-to-bottom sequence
names missing part of picture or object
draws a person with at least 2 body parts
colors within the lines
cuts out 2" triangle, 6" square
completes inset puzzle of 6-10 pieces which touch and form one entire picture
completes puzzle of 4-6 interlocking pieces
arranges 3 pictures in story sequence
draws a diagonal line from corner to corner
copies first name

5 - 6 Years

completes puzzle of 10-12 interlocking pieces
recognizes pictures which differ by size or spatial position
locates specific shape or detail in picture
locates a "hidden" object in a picture (figure/ground)
copies peg pattern from picture pattern
adds missing parts to familiar pictures
draws person with 6 parts; house with 3 parts
paints recognizable pictures
copies triangle
draws shapes, letters, and numbers positioned correctly
makes sequence of letters/numbers on worksheet in left-to-right sequence
cuts along a curved line
cuts out a simply drawn picture

COMPENSATORY

Birth - 1 Year

explores textured surfaces by moving own hands and/or feet over them
plays (splashes) in water
plays with a variety of textured toys
searches for and finds object which s/he dropped (object is still in contact with child's body)
when part of familiar object touches hand, child recognizes and reaches for complete object
searches for and finds object which child has dropped when object does not touch body, but continues to make noise
reacts to tactile stimulation of arm or leg by moving only the stimulated limb
reaches accurately in any direction to obtain noisy toy which has not yet been in child's grasp
attempts to search for toy which falls out of contact with body when toy no continuous sound
explores food with fingers (oatmeal, rice, pudding)
participates in messy activities (fingerpaint, sand)
independently moves about in familiar room; may or may not explore inquisitively
walks barefoot in grass and variety of surfaces
maintains contact with container while searching for objects to place inside
after hand-over-hand demonstration, imitates an appropriate motion usually acquired by visual imitation (rolls car on floor, stacks objects)

2 - 3 Years

identifies familiar objects, toys, foods
identifies an object by its sound
interested in books with textures or moveable parts
matches textures (finds the same kind when given a choice of 2-3)
independently explores familiar rooms in own home
knows the arrangement of furniture, doors, stairs within own home
maintains sustained search for dropped toy

3 - 4 Years

tactually discriminates among items with similar characteristics (child's own hairbrush from mom's)
identifies activities by sound (closing door, washing dishes) and smell (bakery, gas station) in the home/neighborhood
understands where things belong within own home (toys in bedroom, food in kitchen)
moves to destination quickly and easily within own home
locates favorite play areas in own yard (swing, sandbox)
assembles two parts of shape to make whole (may be wooden formboard)
sorts 2 kinds of tactually dissimilar objects (nuts from bolts, macaroni from dried peas)
explores home-made tactual books with real objects, textures, shapes

4 - 5 Years

identifies location of sound as front/back, left/right, near/far, in relationship to own body
faces activity when sitting or standing in group of children
uses auditory/olfactory/terrain cues to orient self outside of own home (preschool, grandma's house)
locates dropped object in immediate vicinity of feet
sorts 2 kinds of similar objects which differ in only size or texture
matches fabric swatches (group of 4)
identifies 6 named textures/fabrics
tells what object is missing from group of 4
identifies raised-line shapes in tactual book
uses two hands t follow raised line of yarn or pipe cleaners on page in book
tracks from left to right across 1-2 braille lines
locates page with requested shape or item in familiar book
attempts to "read" or follow along in braille book as adult reads aloud
completes teacher-directed task using pushpins, stickers, crayons, etc.

5 - 6 Years

can be oriented to new rooms with some instruction
moves to appropriate areas in classroom (where activity is happening) and finds an empty place with little or no assistance
demonstrates correct use of sighted-guide technique
inserts and removes cassette tape from tape player
controls "play", "stop", and "volume" on tape player
inserts headset jack and puts headphones on head
finds beginning and end of braille line on page
tracks smoothly across three lines of double-spaced braille
tracks from top to bottom of 1-2 vertical lines
locates long and short raised lines (comparison)
locates, top, bottom, front, back, left, and right sides of page and book; locates corner of page where page numbers are found
inserts and removes paper in braille writer
pushes each embossing key separately and in combination with keys on braille writer
demonstrates use of all parts of braille writer
moves beads on an abacus for counting purposes
inserts computer disk into drive, turns on computer and monitor
plays simple computer game using space bar, return, and escape keys

SELF HELP

Birth - 1 Year

sucks and swallows liquid
opens mouth for breast or bottle
swallows pureed food fed with a spoon
puts one or both hands on bottle while drinking
mouths blended or strained foods fed by spoon
holds bottle independently while lying on back
mouths and gums cookie or cracker
drinks from cup when adult holds it
bites off piece of food
feeds self with fingers
chews solid foods
eats 3 new foods of different textures
cooperates while being dressed: holds out arms and legs

1 - 2 Years

holds cup independently while drinking
feeds self with spoon, some spillage
chews well (meat, apples, cheese)
uses only one hand to hold and drink from cup; picks it up and replaces it on table neatly
locates and uses own cup, spoon, dish correctly
removes socks and hat independently
removes shoes when laces/straps are untied and loosened
removes coat and pants when unfastened
unzips zipper with minimal assistance
cooperates when face and hands are washed
sits on potty and occasionally urinates/defecates in it

2 - 3 Years

uses straw to sip liquid
holds spoon with adult grasp
pierces food with fork and brings to mouth
pulls pants up and down with assistance
takes off all clothing which has been unfastened
unsnaps clothing
puts on socks
puts on coat or front opening shirt
unbuttons large front buttons
unbuckles belt or shoes
zips engaged zipper on coat or sleeper
indicates wet or soiled pants
flushes toilet with reminder
has daytime control of bowel and bladder (may have occasional accident; may want or need assistance with clothing
washes hands with soap and water (needs assistance)
dries hands with towel
turns water faucet on and off
brushes teeth (with assistance)
helps bathe self
attempts to get own drink (from refrigerator, water dispenser, or tap)
avoids hazards when in familiar place (sharp corners, stairs, heaters)
delivers item to appropriate room when asked ("put your sweater away")

3 - 4 Years

peels 3 foods (banana, orange, egg)
feeds self entire meal using spoon and fork
serves self finger foods from platter
orients clothing independently (front/back)
puts on pants and pullover shirt independently
fastens velcro straps (shoes, belts)
snaps own clothing
buttons own shirt or coat
places own dirty clothing in hamper or box
wakes from sleep during the night to use toilet; or stays dry all night
wipes and blows own nose when reminded

4 - 5 Years

clears place at table
cleans up spills, getting own cloth
helps set table
completes dressing/undressing independently (may still want or need minimal help with fasteners)
puts belt through loops and buckles own belt or shoes
puts coat on hanger and replaces hanger on bar
wipes self after toileting
completes toileting procedures correctly at home
puts toothpaste on own toothbrush and brushes teeth
combs/brushes own hair
hangs up washcloth/towel at home
uses paper towel dispenser in public washroom
bathes self
avoids known poisons (cleaners)

5 - 6 Years

regularly completes one task independently without adult supervision (may need reminder)
opens a variety of individual-serving sized drink containers (school milk, juice cans)
pours juice, milk, etc. with little or no spilling
cuts soft foods with knife; uses knife for spreading prepares simple foods for self (cold cereal, a sandwich)
uses simple condiments (squeezable ketchup containers, salt & pepper shakers)
passes and serves self food, using utensils
places shoes on correct feet
obtains own clothing from closet or drawer
folds simple clothing and puts it away in drawer
brushes teeth independently
adjusts water temperature in sink or tub; prepares own bath
makes own bed
picks up own toys
buckles own seat belt in car
locates drinking fountain and restroom in familiar public place (school, church, etc.)
uses dial or pushbutton phone to make a call
walks to familiar location within a block of home independently (neighbor's home, playground)

FINE MOTOR

Birth - 1 Year

holds rattle with palmar grasp
brings toy to mouth; explores toys with mouth
shakes and pats objects with hands
bangs objects against a hard surface
puts both hands on a toy at midline
picks up a small, soft toy from flat surface
picks up small cube from table with thumb and 2 fingers
transfers object from one hand to the other
clasps hands
uses two hands on a toy to stretch, tear, crumple
isolates movements of one or two fingers: explores holes, pushes buttons or levers on toys
picks up raisins or piece of cereal with pincer grasp
begins to explore cardboard/soft plastic books

1 - 2 Years

manipulates objects with many moving parts (busy box)
removes rings from stack, large pegs from board
pulls apart pop-beads
turns pages of book several at a time
completes one-piece formboard
stacks 2-3 blocks
scribbles with crayon
puts at least 4 rings on post, 4 pegs in board
attempts to use mechanical means to activate a toy (pulls ring or turns knob of music box)
places 5-6 objects through small opening )hole in lid of bottle or box)
completes 3-piece formboard with circle, square, triangle
puts together 3-part nesting toy

2 - 3 Years

pounds pegs with hammer
strings large (one-inch) beads
rolls, pats, pounds, pinches clay ball
turns knobs on toys, T.V., stereo
unscrews threaded objects
turns pages of book one at a time
puts fitted lids on bowls or pans
unwraps small object
tears paper into two strips
pulls apart and puts together pop-beads or other snap-together toy
screws together threaded objects (nuts and bolts, lids on jars)
fingerpaints, making horizontal, vertical, and circular motions
holds pencil with thumb and fingers in adult grasp

3 - 4 Years

points in specific direction on request
isolates thumb movement (moves thumb without moving any other fingers)
puts together 4-part nesting toy
makes row of 5-6 pegs
strings small (half-inch) beads
snips scissors
pastes scraps of construction paper
traces around inside of template with pencil or crayon
assembles 6-piece wooden puzzle with separate place for each piece
opens doors, cabinets, drawers, windows with a variety of latches

4 - 5 Years

spreads fingers, touching thumb to each finger individually
screws on 1" lid (ketchup bottle)
wraps small object in paper or foil
forms simple shapes with clay (ball, snake, pancake)
builds with a variety of interlocking toys
laces sewing cards
uses pinch clothes pins to hang up artwork
folds and creases paper horizontally, vertically
pulls tape from dispenser and applies it to paper
cuts along 8" straight line (print or raised)

5 - 6 Years

forms a circle with thumb and pointer finger; with both hands; and with arms extended
shows appropriate number of fingers when asked for the numbers 0-10
creates simple things with clay (animals, baskets)
uses paste or glue dispensed in a variety of ways (squeeze bottle, glue stick)
uses pencil sharpener, stapler, eraser
opens and closes large safety pin; pins 2 pieces of cloth together
attaches 1 1/4" paper clip to paper
traces simple print or raised line maze with crayon
cuts out and pastes simple shapes
folds square (napkin, paper) on diagonal
hits nail with real hammer into soft wood

GROSS MOTOR

Birth - 1 Year

moves head side to side, thrusts arms about, kicks vigorously while on back
holds head up while on stomach
holds head erect while being carried upright
rolls from stomach to back
bears weight on hands/forearms while on stomach, lifting head and chest off the floor
grasps adult's fingers and pulls to sitting position
maintains sitting position with some support
rolls from back to stomach
sits self-supported for short periods
while sitting, extends arms to protect self from falling
moves into and out of sitting position independently
stands with minimum support adult
pulls to stand
assumes hands-and-knees crawling position
moves forward in space (creeps, crawls, scoots)
reaches with one hand from crawl (maintains 3-point balance)
steps sideways while holding on to stationary object
stands unsupported momentarily
lowers self from standing to sitting
walks with one hand held
moves from sitting to free standing
takes a few steps without support
walks independently
walks around or over obstacles
walks up stairs holding on to adult's hand or railing
squats and returns to standing
picks up toy from floor without falling
seats self in small chair
climbs into adult chair, turns and sits
rolls and tries to catch large ball
propels self on toddler bike by pushing with feet on the ground
runs without stumbling

2 - 3 Years

walks up stairs independently
walks down stairs holding on to railing or adult's hand
jumps in place with both feet
jumps from a height of 8"
pedals tricycle
pushes chair or stool to counter and climbs up
somersaults forward
climbs up and goes down a toddler slide
stands up one foot momentarily
walks up and down stairs, alternating feet
climbs jungle gyms and ladders
jumps forward repeatedly for a distance of 2-3 feet
runs smoothly, with changes in speed and direction
walks on tiptoes

3 - 4 Years

holds arms overhead, extended at shoulder level, or behind body for 15 seconds without tiring
walks backwards and sideways on request
starts and stops locomotor movement on request
marches to music
throws tennis ball 10 feet
catches thrown playground ball
walks up to playground ball and kicks it
balances on either foot for 5 seconds
does standing broad jump (distance not important)
keeps swing active when started (pumps)
sits cross-legged or "tailor" style on floor
follows a variety of directions involving moving the body with feet in one place (bend sideways, squat down)
hangs from overhead bar with weight on arms
pushes/pulls wagon or doll buggy
walks forward on a 3-inch wide textured line for 10 feet
walks forward short distance on balance beam
jumps forward 10 consecutive times without falling
jumps backwards
does standing broad jump, 25 inches
gallops
hops on one foot 5 consecutive times
throws ball/bean bag toward visual/auditory target
bounces and catches bounced playground ball (one bounce)
dribbles playground ball 2-4 feet

5 - 6 Years

walks in a line, either single file or with a partner
joins hands with partner on both sides and steps forward/backward on request
runs 40-50 yards without discomfort
skips on alternating feet
swings on swing, initiating and sustaining motion
does "log" roll for 10 feet (continuous roll on mat, arms stretched overhead)
performs backward somersault
carries an object weighing 10-16 pounds
moves from one overhead bar to another by swinging arms
catches a thrown playground ball with both hands
hits ball with bat or stick (child with visual impairment may use T)
rides bicycle with training wheels or tandem bike
jumps rope independently
maintains balance while moving on skates or skis
coordinates several motor skills in one activity (jumping jacks, relay races, circle game)

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